Tham khảo Chim cổ rắn

  1. ↑ Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré (1982), Myers et al. [2009]
  2. ↑ E.g. Centrarchidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Cyprinodontidae, Mugilidae, Plotosidae và Poeciliidae: Myers et al. [2009]
  3. ↑ Myers et al. [2009]
  4. ↑ Ryan, PG (2007). “Diving in shallow water: the foraging ecology of darters (Aves: Anhingidae)”. J. Avian Biol. 38: 507–514. doi:10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.04070.x. 
  5. ↑ Olson (1985): p.206
  6. ↑ UF 4500, a proximal right humerus half. About 15% larger than A. anhinga and more plesiomorphic: Brodkorb (1956), Becker (1986)
  7. ↑ Gồm a distal right humerus (UFAC-4721) from the Solimões Formation of Cachoeira do Bandeira (Acre, Brazil). Size identical to A. grandis, but distinctness in space and time makes assignment to that species questionable: Mackness (1995), Alvarenga & Guilherme (2003)
  8. ↑ An ungual phalanx: Gál et al. (1998–99), Mlíkovský (2002): p.74
  9. ↑ Holotype LACM 135356 is a slightly damaged right tarsometatarsus; other material includes a distal left ulna end (LACM 135361), a well-preserved left tibiotarsus (LACM 135357), two cervical vertebrae (LACM 135357-135358), three humerus pieces (LACM 135360, 135362-135363), probably also the almost complete left humerus UFAC-4562. A rather short-winged species about two-thirds larger than A. anhinga; apparently distinct from the living genus: Campbell (1992), Alvarenga & Guilherme (2003)
  10. ↑ a cervical vertebra (the holotype) and a carpometacarpus; additional material includes another cervical vertebra and femur, humerus, tarsometatarsus và tibiotarsus pieces. About as large as A. rufa, apparently ancestral to the Old World lineages: Martin & Mengel (1975), Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré (1982), Olson (1985): p.206, Becker (1986), Mackness (1995), Mlíkovský (2002): p.73
  11. ↑ UFAC-4720 (holotype, an almost complete left tibiotarsus) and UFAC-4719 (almost complete left humerus). The smallest known darter (30% smaller than A. anhinga), probably not very closely related to any living species: Alvarenga & Guilherme (2003)
  12. ↑ Assorted material, including the holotype UNSM 20070 (a distal humerus end) and UF 25739 (another humerus piece). Longer-winged, about 25% larger than and twice as heavy as A. anhinga, but apparently a close relative: Martin & Mengel (1975), Olson (1985): p.206, Becker (1986), Campbell (1992)
  13. ↑ QM F25776 (holotype, right carpometacarpus) and QM FF2365 (right proximal femur piece). Slightly smaller than A. melanogaster and apparently quite distinct: Becker (1986), Mackness (1995)
  14. 1 2 Ulna fossils larger than A. anhinga: Becker (1986)
  15. ↑ The holotype is a well-preserved left femur (AL 288-52). Additional material consists of a proximal left femur (AL 305-2), a distal left tibiotarsus (L 193-78), a proximal (AL 225-3) and a distal (11 234) left ulna, a proximal left carpometacarpus (W 731), and well-preserved (10 736) and fragmentary (2870) right coracoids. Slightly smaller than A. rufa and probably its direct ancestor: Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré (1982), Olson (1985): p.206
  16. ↑ Olson (1985): p.206, Mackness (1995), Mayr (2009): pp.62–63

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Chim cổ rắn http://www.answers.com/topic/darter http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamil... http://museum.nhm.uga.edu/gawildlife/birds/pelecan... http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/account... http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v092n02/p0374-p03... http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/zma3d/detail.php?taxon=anhi... http://www.chaffeezoo.org/animals/pelecaniformes.h... //dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2007.0908-8857.04070.x https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anhing... https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anhinga?uselang...